Anda sering mendengarkan musik biasanya lewat apa ? Earphone ? mp3player ? atau yang sejenisnya ? lebih baik tinggalkan kegiatan mendengarkan musik berlama-lama menggunakan earphone karena akan memberi effect buruk bagi telinga.
Telinga manusia ternyata memiliki struktur dan fungsi yang luar biasa. Selain proses menghantarkan bunyi sehingga kita bisa mendengar, di dalam telinga juga terdapat proses untuk mengurangi paparan bising.
Secara otomatis, telinga memiliki kemampuan untuk meredam suara yang keras menjadi tidak bermasalah bagi pendengaran. Namun, telinga juga memiliki batas kemampuan untuk mendengar, sehingga dosis atau batas berapa lama ia boleh terpapar bunyi tertentu tidak boleh melebihi dosis.
Misalnya, untuk bunyi letusan senapan yang memiliki intensitas sekitar 110 desibel dan frekuensi yang cukup tinggi, telinga hanya boleh terpapar tidak lebih dari 30 detik.
Lebih dari itu, maka risiko terjadinya penurunan fungsi pendengaran atau trauma bising akan menjadi lebih besar.
Intinya, telinga memiliki kemampuan yang terbatas untuk mendengar suara pada intensitas tertentu. Semakin tinggi intensitasnya, telinga hanya boleh mendengar dalam waktu singkat. Dosis ini berlaku untuk semua usia.
Beberapa tempat atau kegiatan tertentu ternyata juga memiliki intensitas dan frekuensi bunyi yang bisa membahayakan pendengaran jika terlalu lama terpapar.
Bahkan, referensi menunjukkan bahwa pusat-pusat kebugaran yang kerap memutar musik dengan volume tinggi juga menyimpan risiko terjadinya trauma bising bahkan ketulian. Profesi sebagai pilot atau mereka yang bekerja di bandara berisiko lebih besar. Karena, bising pesawat terbang memiliki intensitas yang sangat besar, yaitu 145 desibel. Coba bandingkan dengan bunyi letusan senapan di atas.
Kenapa? Jika intensitas suara lebih dari dosis yang diperkenankan, maka akan terjadi gangguan pada rumah siput (cochlea), dimana di sini terjadi proses perubahan energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik. Sel-sel rambut getar yang harusnya mentransimi suara mekanik menjadi rusak.
Bentuk rumah siput kita unik, seperti bentuk dua setengah lingkaran. Frekuensi tinggi ada di sebelah kiri, dan rendah di kanan. Jadi, kebalikan dari piano. Nah, rambut getar bertugas mengubah bunyi sesuai dengan frekuensinya, baik tinggi, sedang atau rendah.
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In the cochlea (the cochlea), which here is a process of change mechanical energy into electrical energy. Vibrating hair cells are supposed to sound mechanical mentransimi become damaged.
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